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Armoring Standard
Golan Group uses the National Institute of
Justice (NIJ) standard for ballistic resistant
protective materials (NIJ standard 0108.01) which
serves as the performance benchmark against which
the equipment is measured, and as a procurement
aid.
This standard is applicable to all ballistic
resistant materials (armor) intended to provide
protection against gunfire, with the exception
of police body armor and ballistic helmets, which
are the topic of individual NIJ performance standards.
Many different types of armor are now available
that range in ballistic resistance from those
designed to protect against small-caliber handguns
to those designed to protect against high-powered
rifles.
Ballistic resistant materials are used to fabricate
portable ballistic shields; to provide ballistic
protection for fixed structures, such as critical
control rooms or guard stations; and to provide
ballistic protection for the occupants of vehicles.
The ballistic resistant materials used to fabricate
armor include metals, ceramics, transparent glazing,
fabric, and fabric-reinforced plastics; they are
used separately or in combination, depending upon
the intended threat protection.
The ballistic threat posed by a bullet depends,
among other things, on it's composition, shape,
caliber, mass, and impact velocity. Because of
the wide variety of cartridges available in a
given caliber, and because of the existence of
hand loads, armors that will defeat a standard
test round may not defeat other loadings in the
same caliber. For example, an armor that prevents
penetration by a 357 Magnum test round may or
may not defeat a 357 Magnum round with a higher
velocity. Similarly, for identical striking velocities,
non-deforming or armor-piercing rounds pose a
significantly greater penetration threat than
an equivalent lead core round of the same caliber.
 NIJ standard - Quick Reference Chart with Basic Data |
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| NIJ
Type I |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.22 Long Rifle High Velocity
40 grain Lead
1010 to 1090 ft/sec. |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.38 Special
158 grain Round Nose Lead
800 to 900 ft/sec. |
| Notes: |
This type of armor also provides
protection against lesser threats
such as 12 gauge No. 4 lead shot
and most handgun rounds in calibers
25 and 32. |
| NIJ
Type II-A |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
9mm Parabellum
124 grain Full Metal Jacketed
1050 to 1130 ft/sec. |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.357 Magnum
158 grain Jacketed Soft Point
1200 to 1300 ft/sec |
| Notes: |
This type of armor also provides
protection against lesser threats
such as 12 gauge 00 buckshot,
45 Auto., 38 Special (P and some
other factory loads in caliber
357 Magnum and 9 mm.) |
| NIJ
Type III-A |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.44 Magnum
240 grain Semi Wad Cutter
1350 to 1445 ft/sec. |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range
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9mm Parabellum
124 grain Full Metal Jacketed
1350 to 1450 ft/sec. |
| Notes: |
This type of armor provides
protection against most handgun
threats. |
| NIJ Type III |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.30 7.62 NATO
147 grain M80
2700 to 2800 ft/sec. |
| Notes: |
This type of armor also provides
protection against most lesser
threats such as 223 Remington
(5.56 mm FMJ), 30 Carbine FMJ,
and 12 gauge rifle slug. |
| NIJ Type IV |
Projectile Caliber
Cartridge Type
Velocity range |
.30 30-06
166 grain M2 Armor Piercing
2800 to 2900 ft/sec. |
| Notes: |
This type of armor also provides
at least double hit protection
against most high powered rifles
contemplated in NIJ Level III.
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